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The idea that the universe itself is conscious resonates with both scientists and the general public. Recent advances in neurophysiology have fueled an interest in consciousness in recent decades and have brought science and the humanities a bit closer. Using mathematical extrapolations, they have proposed wormholes, dark matter, black holes, string theory, and other mathematical abstractions that take them ever further away from experiential knowledge. In the past 100 years, physicists have proposed a slew of new theories that build on Einstein’s relativity and quantum theory.
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While his Diagram of the Supreme Polarity does not explain the mechanical, organic, and magnetic processes in nature, it conceptually accommodates them all. He integrated the theory of the Five Elements in the yin-yang system to propose a unified theory of nature. Zhou Dun-yi, like all Chinese philosophers, was cued by the Book of Changes, the “manual” to the yin-yang universe. The interaction of the yin and yang through different combinations of the five agents generates all things in a process of endless change and transformation. The Five Elements, or Wu Xing, are conceived of as material principles rather than concrete things. Like Tesla, Zhou Dun-yi defined nature as a process of transformation. The Diagram of the Supreme Polarity, Zhou-Dun-yi’s unified theory of nature Mediated by qi, the yin and yang created the five elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. In Zhou’s diagram, the Supreme Polarity (Taijitu) produced the positive cosmic force yang and the negative cosmic force yin from an abundance of qi. Zhou integrated the so-called Five Elements theory in the yin-yang system. He wrote: “All perceptible matter comes from a primary substance, or tenuity beyond conception, filling all space, the akasha or luminiferous ether, which is acted upon by the life-giving Prana or creative force, calling into existence, in never-ending cycles all things and phenomena.”Įight centuries earlier, the Chinese philosopher and cosmologist Zhou Dun-yi explained nature in similar terms. In an article written in 1930, “Man’s Greatest Achievement,” Tesla summarized his views for posterity.
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Tesla developed his aether theory in 1893-94, well before the quantum revolution overshadowed his work. Today, hardly any quantum physicist accepts the possible existence of the aether and asserts that Einstein was wrong. He pointed out that Relativity doesn’t require the aether, but doesn’t exclude its possible existence.Įinstein said: “To deny the aether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatsoever.” In 1919 he gave a lecture in the Dutch city of Leiden. Surprisingly, Einstein was sympathetic to Tesla’s argument. So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the aether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena.” All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. “Only the existence of an (aethereal) field of force can account for the motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. Instead, Tesla argued that the luminiferous aether is an electromagnetic field and the medium for the propagation of light (luminiferous means “light-bearing”). Given the dynamics at work, the Chinese name for gravity – heavy force – makes sense. The image below shows the gravitational pull of the sun on the earth and the earth on the moon. The Chinese pictogram for gravity is a compound character made up of two different pictograms. Uniquely, the yin-yang system accommodates both magnetism and gravity. Sinologist Joseph Needham, borrowing a concept of quantum physics, translated qi as “matter-energy.” Qi as a product of yin and yang has no true equivalent in other cultures and is best left untranslated. Scholars translate qi variously as cosmic breath, ether, spirit, or vital force, among others. The pictogram consists of three wavy horizontal lines suggesting a continuous wave. The earliest written character for qi dates from the Shang Dynasty (circa 1600-1046 BCE) and gives us a sense of how the Chinese perceived qi. The modern Chinese word for electricity includes the character for qi. The Chinese said: “ Qi resides in tension.” The word is associated with magnetism.
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